Dr. Laiba the physiotherapist

       CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY INTRODUCTION: Chest physiotherapy  is a group of techniques that mobilizes or loosens thick secretions in the lungs and respiratory tract   that includes following physiotherapy treatment techniques: Nebulization postural drainage by gravity percussion chest wall vibration and shaking huffing and coughing deep breathing exercises and other therapeutic exercises In easy words, chest physiotherapy (CPT) is a technique that can be used to clear mucus from the lungs. AIMS OF CHEST PHYSIOLOGY: To facilitate removal of airway secretions. To optimize lung compliance and prevent it from collapsing. To decrease the work of breathing. To optimize the ventilation-perfusion ratio/ improve gas exchange (SPO2) strengthen the muscles used for breathing INDICATIONS: Cystic fibrosis (inherited disorder that causes severe damage to lungs, digestive system and other parts of the body) Bronchiectasis ( a long-term condition where the airways of the l...

     Piriformis syndrome WHAT IS PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME? Piriformis syndrome is a condition in which the piriformis muscle, located in the buttock region, spasms or becomes tightened due to any reason thus causing the compression or pressure on the SCIATIC NERVE passing through the piriformis muscle. WHAT ARE THE CAUSES/ RISK FACTORS OF PIRIFORMIS SYNDROME? The main causes or factors that may lead to piriformis syndrome include the following: Overuse of piriformis muscle (prolonged walking, running, climbing stairs, sitting etc) Prolong abnormal posture like placing on leg on another, men sitting with their wallets in the back pocket due to which piriformis syndrome is also called POCKET SYNDROME. Trauma of the buttock area, causing inflammation and spasm of the surrounding area. Fracture of the pelvis, leading to spasm of the piriformis muscle which may cause piriformis syndrome. Abnormal spine alignment eg. scoliosis, marked by abnormal pelvic tilt, causing the muscle...

       ISCHIAL BURSITIS Case:  A women of age 40, named Ruksana khairbano came to the clinic with the complain of severe pain in the left buttock region (cheek line) and sometimes travel down the lower leg. She is a tailor by profession and spends 6-8 hours by sitting and sewing on ground. Pain is aggravated by prolonged sitting and there is tenderness over the cheek line of the hip. The patient is unable to sleep on the left hip and there is marked swelling and reduced range of motion of the left hip.  Examination:  The practitioner assessed the patient by performing SLR (straight leg raise) and it showed increase in symptoms.  Active resisted extension of the affected hip reproduces the pain. Palpation of the affected region showed SOFT TISSUE MASS described as well defined, non-mobile and slightly tender. Investigation:   The practitioner asked the patient to get an X-ray or MRI of the buttock region. This is the MRI, which shows ischial b...

     SPECIFICITY VS SENSITIVITY OF A TEST   Specificity Sensitivity Definition It is  the percentage of people who test negative for a specific disease among a  group of people who do not have the disease  It is the percentage of people who test positive for a specific disease among a group of people who have the disease Easy to understand concept: The ability of a test to correctly identify people without the disease. The ability of a test to correctly identify patients with a disease. Other name true negative rate (TNR) true positive rate (TPR) Interpretation The person does NOT have the targeted disorder. The person has the targeted disorder. Statistical Outcome True Negative True Positive The Rule Rule In (SpIn) SpPin : A te...